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魔法英语同步新课堂(高二·下)-第8部分

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凸ぷ鳌!   �
    as表示方式的用法    
    ①句中as作连词,表示“像……”或“按照”,引导方式状语从句。    
    You may take the jewelry as you like。你爱拿什么珠宝就拿什么。    
    Do it as I have told you。按照我所说的去做。    
    I want you to tell my friend your very interesting experience exactly as you have told it to me。 我想叫你把你这个十分有趣的经历告诉我的朋友,就像你告诉我的一样。    
    ②有时as后还可接分词或介词短语,用作状语。    
    He lost the game as expected (=as he was expected)。正如所料,他输了那场比赛。    
    As planned (=As it was planned) they met on January 20。 按计划他们在一月二十日那天见面了。    
    ③as与动词构成的固定搭配有:treat…as,regard…as; speak of…as; think of…as,describe…as,introduce…as,look on/upon…as,consider…as等。    
    They treated us as honoured guests。他们把我们当作贵宾。    
    Frankly; I look upon it as an experiment。老实说,我把它当作一次试验。    
    Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest presidents in AmericA。  亚伯拉罕·林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一。    
    ④有时介词like也可以引导一个方式状语,但接名词或代词。    
    I wish I could fly like a bird。 /I wish I could fly as a bird does。     
    我能像小鸟那样飞就好了!    
    9。She refused to stand up for a white man and was arrested by the police。(READING)她拒绝起身为白人男子让座而被警察逮捕。    
    refuse的用法    
    refuse意为“拒绝”、“拒受”、“拒给”或“不愿”,可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后跟名词、代词、双宾语或不定式。    
    He refused my offer of help。他拒绝我提供帮助。     
    She refused to discuss the matter。她拒绝讨论这件事。    
    refuse与reject    
    二者均可表示“拒绝”。    
    ◎refuse指坚决甚至无礼貌地拒绝做某事,包括拒绝请求或提供某物。    
    I asked him to give me some money; but he refused。 我请他给我点钱,但是他拒绝了。     
    ◎reject强调拒不接受,尤其是对没有价值或所厌恶的意见或请求。    
    They rejected his poorly written article。他们拒绝使用他这篇写得很糟糕的文章。    
    10。Winning this case gave King national attention。(READING)赢得这场官司使金受到全国的关注。    
    动名词(短语)在句中用作主语的用法    
    ①动名词短语Winning the case在句中用作主语,相当于一个名词,谓语一般用单数形式。    
    Smoking is harmful to health。吸烟对健康有害。    
    Collecting shells is one of his hobbies。收集贝壳是他的爱好之一。    
    ②动名词(短语)有时用it作形式主语。    
    It is no use crying over the spilt milk。覆水难收。    
    It is no good talking with him。跟他谈没好处。    
    It is a waste of time arguing about such trifles。辩论这样的小事,是浪费时间。    
    ③动名词(短语)在There be句型中可用作主语。    
    There is no joking about such matters。这种事开不得玩笑。    
    There is no denying the fact that his invention has greatly improved the quality of the products。不容否认,他的发明大大提高了产品的质量。    
    11。…which inspired people of all races to fight for equality。(READING)……它鼓舞着各族人民为平等而斗争。    
    inspire的用法    
    inspire意为“鼓舞”或“激励”,是及物动词,后跟名词、代词或含不定式的复合宾语。    
    The speaker inspired the crowd。 演讲者感动了听众。     
    The officer inspired his men to be brave。军官鼓舞士兵要勇敢。    
    His words are inspiring。他的话鼓舞人心。    
    12。The following year; King received the Nobel Prize for Peace。(READING)第二年(1964年),金获得诺贝尔和平奖。    
    (1)receive the prize意为“获得奖项”,可与prize搭配的动词有win,receive,take,gain,carry off/away等。    
    They carried off most of the prizes at the village flower show。 他们在乡村花展上获得了大部分的奖项。    
    His design for the school took the second prize。他的校舍设计获得二等奖。    
    (2)the Nobel Peace Prize意为“诺贝尔和平奖”,也可以写成the Nobel Prize for Peace。六项诺贝尔奖是the Nobel Prize for Physics(物理奖); the Nobel Prize for Chemistry(化学奖); the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine(生理和医学奖); the Nobel Prize for Literature(文学奖); the Nobel Prize for Peace(和平奖); the Nobel Prize for Economics(经济奖)。    
    13。From then on; all black people had the right to vote。(READING)从那时起,所有的黑人都有选举权。    
    from then /that time on是介词短语,在句中通常用作状语,意为“从那时起”。    
    From that time on he received lots of praise from scientists all over the world。 从那时起,他受到全世界科学家的赞扬。    
    He worked still harder from that time on。 从那时以后,他工作更加努力了。    
    14。People struggled for the right to be free in their choice of which god to believe in。(INTEGRATING SKILLS)人们为自由选择自己信仰的上帝(宗教)而斗争。    
    free的用法    
    free一般是形容词,意为“自由的”、“空闲的”或“免费的”,在句中用作定语或表语。    
    She gets a free afternoon once a week。每周她有一个空闲的下午。     
    He asked many famous stars to sing on his record for free。他请许多著名的歌星为他义务灌制唱片。    
    free与freely    
    ◎free用作副词时,意为“自由地”、“随意地”或“免费地”。    
    Don’t  let the dog run free on the main road。 不要让狗在公路上随意乱串。     
    Babies are allowed to travel free on buses。婴儿乘公共汽车可以免费。    
    ◎freely也可表示“自由地”或“随意地”的意思,可以与free互换,也可意为“自愿地”、“(活动或行为)没有阻力地”、“慷慨地”、“大方地”、“坦诚地”或“大量地”,常修饰speak; talk; write等动态动词。    
    I freely admit that what I said was wrong。我主动承认我所说的不对。     
    You may speak quite freely in front of me。 I shall not tell anyone what you say。在我面前,你可以坦诚地谈,我不会把你说的话告诉别人的。     
    He gives freely to many organizations that help the poor。他对那些帮助穷人的组织慷慨援助。     
    The wound was bleeding freely。伤口大量出血。    
    15。The main ideas were that all people are brothers and sisters。(INTEGRATING SKILLS)中心思想是所有的人皆兄弟姐妹。    
    句中that引导表语从句,在从句中不作具体成分,在语法上只起连接的作用,但不可省略。引导表语从句的连接词有that,whether,as if,as though等,连接代词有what,which,who,whom,whose等,连接副词有when,where,how,why等。    
    The question is that he is also short of money。问题是他也缺钱。    
    The question is whether he will agree to the suggestion or not。问题是他是否会同意这个建议。    
    The important thing is what a man does; not what he says。重要的是一个人做什么,而不是说什么。    
    That is why she left her hometown in her teens。那就是她十几岁离开家乡的原因。


Unit 14    Freedom fighters单元语法知识归纳

    被动语态用法小结    
    语态用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的发出者时,应用主动语态;当主语是动作的承受者时,应用被动语态。只有及物动词或相当于及动词的动词短语才有被动语态。    
    1。带双宾语的动词变为被动语态    
    带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,双宾语之一变为句中的主语,另一个宾语保持不变。通常是将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。    
    He told me a story。 →I was told a story。→A story was told to me。    
    2。“get + 过去分词”表示的被动语态    
    “get + 过去分词”这种用法口语化,其含义是强调动作的结果。这种结构中,通常不用“by + 动作的执行者”。常用短语有:get broken; get burnt; get hurt; get killed; get lost; get married; get wounded等。    
    She got hurt in the car accident last week。她在上周的车祸中受伤了。    
    3。一些相当于及物动词的短语动词可用于被动语态。这时,短语动词在被动语态结构中是一个不可分割的整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词等。这类短语动词有look after; take care of; put on; take off; call on; call at; put down等。具体分类如下:    
    ①动词+介词。    
    The children are being looked after well there。孩子们目前在那儿受到很好的照料。    
    ②动词+副词。    
    The radio has been turned on。收音机已经打开。    
    ③动词+名词+介词。    
    Your pronunciation must be paid attention to。你的发音得注意一下。    
    ④动词+副词+介词。    
    They were looked down upon in the city。他们在城里受歧视。    
    4。带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态    
    带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态是原句中的宾语变为主语,宾语补足语变为主语补足语。    
    ①若宾语补足语是带to的动词不定式时,变为被动语态后,该不定式前“to”应保留。    
    He persuaded me to give up smoking →I was persuaded to give up smoking。    
    ②若宾语补足语是不带to的不定式时,变为被动语态后,该不定式要加上“to”。此类动词有feel; hear; make; see; observe; help; listen to; look at等。但此类动词中have; notice; watch一般不用被动语态。    
    We saw them play volleyball just now。→They were seen to play volleyball just now。     
    ③含有动词let的句子变为被动语态    
    A。 当let后的宾语补足语较长时,let通常不用被动语态,而用allow或permit取而代之。    
    The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital。→I was allowed to see my classmate in the hospital。    
    B。 当let后只有一个单音节动词,变为被动语态时,可用不带to的不定式。    
    They let the stranger go。→The stranger was let go。    
    5。通常不能用被动语态的动词    
    ①某些表示特定意义的动词,如fit(合身), have(有), hold(容纳), marry(与……结婚); own(据有;拥有); wish(祝愿); cost(花费)等。    
    The coat fits me well。这件大衣我穿非常合身。(不能说:I am fitted by the coat。)    
    ②某些相当于及物动词的短语动词,如agree with; arrive at/in; shake hands with; succeed in; suffer from; happen to; take part in; walk into; belong to等。    
    The dictionary belongs to me。这本词典属于我。(不能说:I am belonged to by the dictionary。)    
    ③不及物动词无被动语态。容易弄错的词有appear(出现); die(死去); end(结束); fail(失败); fall(跌倒); happen(发生); last(持续); remain(留下); sit(坐); spread(传播); stand(站)等。    
    ④不及物动词短语无被动语态。此类短语有break out; come true; come into being; fall asleep; keep silence; take place等。    
    ⑤连系动词无被动语态。此类连系动词有appear(显得); be(是); become(变得); seem(似乎); fall (变得); feel(摸起来); sound(听起来), taste(尝起来); smell(闻起来); get(变得); stay(保持); turn(变得)等。    
    ⑥带同源宾语的及物动词不能用于被动语态。如die…death; live…life; dream…dream等。    
    ⑦当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。    
    She likes to swim。她喜欢游泳。(不能说:To swim is liked by her。)    
    6。几种表达被动意义的主动结构    
    ①某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词,如lock; shut; open; read; write; sell; wash; clean等。    
    This book sells well。这本书很畅销。    
    The door doesnt shut。这个门关不住。    
    ②某些可以用于“主语+谓语+主语补足语”结构中的不及物动词,如wear; blow等。    
    The cloth has worn thin。这块布料已经洗薄了。    
    The window blew open。窗户(风)吹开了。    
    ③不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾结构时。    
    He found some food to eat。他找到一些东西吃。(不能说:Some food to eat was found 。 )    
    ④在“主语+ be + 形容词+不定式”的结构中,主语是不定式动词动作的承受者。    
    The problem is difficult to understand。 这个问题难于理解。    
    ⑤动词need; want; require等作“需要”讲,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,必须用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式表示被动意义。    
    The colour TV set needs repairing。(= The colour TV set needs to be repaired。 )这台彩电需要修理。    
    ⑥在“主语+ be + worth + v…ing”的结构中的动词…ing形式须用主动式表达被动意义。    
    What he said wasn’t worth listening to。他所说的不值一听。


Unit 14    Freedom fighters单元同步小测试

    一、单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)    
    从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。    
    1。The patient         now in the hospital。    
    A。 is operating on       B。 operates on   C。 is being operated on     D。 has been operated on    
    2。The civil war        which ten years ago       five years。    
    A。 breaks out; lasted          B。 broke out; was lasted    
    C。 was broken out; was lasted         D。 broke out; lasted    
    3。The man said that the car        day after day by him for ten long years by the end of the next year。    
    A。 would be driven            B。 would be driving     
    C。 would have been driven            D。 would have been driving    
    4。Do I have to take this medicine? It        so terrible。    
    A。 tastes          B。 is tasting           C。 is tasted             D。 has tasted    
    5。This question        a little last week。    
    A。 got talked about        B。 talked about      
    C。 would be talked about       D。 has been talked ab
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