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＇D＇ led to Lend…Lease Act。
5。 We entered the war against Germany
＇A＇ because Germany declared war。
＇B＇ because Japan was an ally of Germany。
＇C＇ after Germany had signed the Nazi…soviet Pact。
＇D＇ after peaceful efforts had failed。
Vocabulary
1。 Reich 帝国，尤指第二次世界大战前及大战期间的德国
2。 atrocity 凶残，残暴
3。 belligerent 好战的，交战国的
4。 discretion 判断力，自行裁决，谨慎
5。 empower 赋予……权力
6。 embargo 禁运，封港
7。 quarantine 停船检疫，隔离，封锁，使孤立
8。 partition 分割，瓜分
9。 menace 威胁，危险
10。 repeal 废除，取消
11。 overage destroyer 旧式驱逐舰
12。 unprovoked 无缘无故的，非因触犯而发生的
13。 Neutrality Acts 中立法令
14。 Munich Pact 慕尼黑公约
15。 draft act 征兵法
16。 Lend Lease Act 租借法
17。 Atlantic Charter 大西洋公约
18。 Pearl Harbor 珍珠港
写作方法与文章大意
文章讲述了第三帝国成立，美国由中立到宣战的一段历史。采用按年代先后进行叙述的写作手法。文章一开始就点明主题：“第三帝国的成立影响了美国历史，从一系列事情开始，最终导致德国和美国交战。”
答案详解
1。 A帝国大厦焚毁，众所周知，这是纳粹希特勒精心策划的一次政治阴谋，旨在迫害德国共产党。
B。 德国征服计划。C。 纳粹之残暴。D。 迫害宗教团体。在文中都提到。见第一段第二句“民主的全面摧毁、对犹太人的迫害、摧残宗教、纳粹的残忍和野蛮，特别是德国及其盟国意、日、征服世界的计划激起美国极大愤怒，也带来了对又一次世界大战的恐惧。”
2。 B 加强美国国防。见第二段导数第五句“1941年的租借法规定：总统对他认为保卫美国所需要的国家有权卖给、交换或借给他们物资。”
A。 帮助英国，不对。C。 促进大西洋公约。大西洋公约是1941年8月，罗斯福和邱吉尔会面后的联合公告。D。 报复珍珠港。是1941年日本发起袭击的报复。
3。 B 与世隔绝。这在第一段第三句“美国人民虽然反对希特勒的凶残等事，他们一般还是喜欢孤立（与世隔绝的）政策和保持中立。1933年和1936年的中立条约规定：禁止和交战国双方贸易和借贷。”
A。 观察的。C。 和平的。D。 不正确的。
4。 A 允许把武器卖给交战国。答案在第二段第六句“1939年的中立条约取消了武器禁运，允许进行现钞交易出口武器给交战国。”
B。 和日本敌对。C。 允许英国只能和其盟国贸易。D。 导致租借条约。
5。 A 因为德国宣战。这在第一段已有说明。尽管希特勒坏事做尽，美国还是倾向于中立政策。第二段罗斯福在芝加哥的演讲，态度稍有改变。严厉批评希特勒的政策，但仍然以中立为主。1941年日本袭击珍珠港，不久德国宣战，美国才不得不参战。
Passage Fourteen（Antarctica and Environment）
Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station – a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment。 Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere； Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world。
Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant…early…warning sensor； where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north。 One promising field of investigation is glaciology。 Scholars from the United States； Switzerland； and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet – a concern they believe the world at large should share。
The Transantarctic Mountain； some of them more than 14；000 feet high； divide the continent into two very different regions。 The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick。 “West” of the mountain； the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet； but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level。 If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared； the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island。
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments； others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica； valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter。 Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land； these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9；000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea。 Now the glaciers are gone； perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10；000 years since the ice age。 Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea。 Left bare are spectacular gorges； rippled fields of sand dunes； clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100…mile…an…hour winds； and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation。
Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys； some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth。 Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them。
1。 What is the best title for this passage？
＇A＇ Antarctica and environmental Problems。
＇B＇ Antarctica： Earth’s Early…Warning station。
＇C＇ Antarctica： a Unique Observation Post。
＇D＇ Antarctica： a Mysterious Place。
2。 What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared？
＇A＇ The western part of the continent would be disappeared。
＇B＇ The western part of the continent would be reduced。
＇C＇ The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands。
＇D＇ The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands。
3。 Why are the Dry Valleys left bare？
＇A＇ Vicious wind blasts the snow away。
＇B＇ It rarely snows。
＇C＇ Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind。
＇D＇ Sand dunes。
4。 Which of the following is true？
＇A＇ The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside。
＇B＇ The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers。
＇C＇ The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope for the verdant。
＇D＇ The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists。
Vocabulary
1。 distant…early…warning sensor 远距离早期报警传感器
2。 plateau 高原，高地
3。 slash 挥砍
4。 blast 一阵疾风/狂风
5。 vicious 邪恶的，凶魔般的
6。 gorge 峡谷
7。 ripple 起伏，使起微波
8。 sand dune 沙丘
9。 verdant 绿色
10。 extraterrestrial 地球之外的
11。 aura 气氛
难句译注
1。 Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant…early waning sensor； where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north。
【结构简析】see … as 把……看作。Where定从修饰Antarctic。
【参考译文】因此，越来越多的科学家把南极洲视为一个远距离早期报警敏感器，在那里地球许多潜在的危险动向早在它们出现于北方以前就能发现。
2。 The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountain
东指的使印度正南的这一部分。或山移动的那部分洲。
3。 an aura of extraterrestrial desolation
应译为：与地球格格不入的一种荒凉隔绝的气氛。或与世隔绝的一种荒凉气氛。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇有关南极洲科研考察的重要性的科普文章。采用因果，点面结合写法。首先提出：由于南极洲远离污染，又不同于其它任何地方，普遍存在着复杂的地质和生态环境，所以这块地方就可能得到更敏锐又易解释的科学测量结果。它成了监察世界环境变化的观察哨和空间站，后面几段就写了进行考察的方面和结果。
答案详解
1。 A 南极洲和环境问题。
B。 南极洲：地球最早的报警战。C。南极洲：独一无二的观察哨。D。 南极洲：神秘的地方。三项都是总内容众的组成部分。
2。 D 大陆西部成为一群岛屿。第三段“横断南极的山脉，有的高达一万四千多英尺，把这大陆分成情况各异的两个地区。山脉以东的大陆部分是由差不多两英里厚的冰层覆盖的高原；山脉以西，即美洲以南的半个大陆也为冰层所覆盖。可是，这里冰层覆盖在大大低于海平面的岩石。如果西南极洲冰层消失，那这大陆西部将成为稀疏的岛群。”
A。 大陆西部将小时。B。 大陆西部缩小。 D。 大陆西部将成为分散的岛屿。
3。 C 因为地球变暖和狂风劲吹。在第四段：“……这些干谷甚至在寒冬季节也很少有冰雪。它们插在南维多利亚陆地的山脉中，一度曾有从极地高原到罗斯海的深度为9000英尺的冰河。现在冰河已不存在，很可能是冰期之后一万年间地球变暖的结果。即使落入干谷的雪也被从极地高原咆哮入海的邪恶狂风吹散了。留下来的是裸露的壮观的峡谷，沙丘起伏的原野，被时速一百英里的大风雕刻成奇形怪状的大砾石，形成与世隔绝的荒凉景象。”
A。 邪恶的狂风吹走了雪。B。 它很少下雪。D。沙丘。这三项只是干谷现象的一部分。
4。 C 他们可能为地球上绿色地区带来了希望的信息。答案是第五段第一句“尽管干谷具有神秘的一面，科学家却相信他们可能为地球上葱绿的地方带来了希望的信息。”
A。干谷内什么都没有留下。B。 干谷内从没有冰河。D。 按照科学家的看法，干谷毫无用处。
Passage Fifteen （Contribution of Coeducation）
Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex。 How would you react？ Unless there was something definitely wrong with you； you wouldn’t be too happy about it； to say the least。 It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children – conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute！
Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education。 Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them。 One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society。 Now adult society is made up of men and women； so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it？ Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock。
A co…educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature。 Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other； to learn to live together from their earliest years。 They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability； athletic achievement and many of the extra…curricular activities which are part of school life。 What a practical advantage it is （ to give just a small example ） to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls！ What nonsense co…education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice…versa。 When segregated； boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart。 Rivalry between the sexes is fostered。 In a coeducational school； everything falls into its proper place。
But perhaps the greatest contribution of co…education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages。 Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses； more like book…illustrations to a fairy…tale； than human beings。 Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes。 Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind。 There are no goddesses with freckles； pigtails； piercing voices and inky fingers。 There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees； dirty fingernails and unkempt hair。 The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up。 These can better be overcome in a co…educational environment。 Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation。 This is hardly possible under a co…educational system。 When the time comes for the pupils to leave school； they are fully prepared to enter society as well…adjusted adults。 They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women。
1。 What is the best title for this passage？
＇A＇ only co…education can be in harmony with society。
＇B＇ people are in great need of co…education。
＇C＇ any form of education other than co…education is simply unthinkable。
＇D＇ co…education has many features。
2。 what does co…education offer to children？
＇A＇ A society。
＇B＇ A true small model of society。
＇C＇ A real life。
＇D＇ True version of social condition。
3。 Acomording to the passage； what is one of the chief aims of education？
＇A＇ It is for students to acquire knowledge。
＇B＇ It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology。
＇C＇ It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society。
＇D＇ It is for students to get academic achievements。
4。 Why do boys and girls in co…education have no illusion about each other？
＇A＇ They live together and know each other too well。
＇B＇ Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion。
＇C＇ co…education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life。
＇D＇ They are familiar with each other’s problems。
Vocabulary
1。 to be in for = receive 接�