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The mander ordered that the bridge （should） be bombed。
The villagers requested that the old building not be pulled down。
Now let’s do some translation：
总经理坚持该项目必须按计划执行。
The general manager insisted that the project be carried out as planned。
省长请求再给他一次机会。
The governor requested that he be given another chance。
美国要求伊朗必须无条件放弃其核武器计划。
The United States demanded that Iran should unconditionally give up its nuclear weapon program （program to develop nuclear weapons）最高法院裁定此案必须重新审理。
The Supreme Court ruled that this case be retried。医生建议，即使在节假日人们也不应该熬夜。
Doctors suggest that people should not stay up late even on holidays。
注意：suggest 表示“暗示”时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。Insist后面强调的是事实时，宾语从句也不用虚拟语气。如：
The neighbor suggested that his wife was having an affair。
He insisted that he was right。
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything。
8、使用上述表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词派生的名词，或在这些动词用作名词时，名词之后的从句用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should 可以省略。从句的引导词that 不能省略。这与上述第7项类似。如：
He made a request that he （should） be allowed to take 3 days off。 = He requested that he be allowed to take 3 days off。
Our suggestion is that education not be industrialized。 = We suggest that education not be industrialized。
The president’s decision is that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time。 =The president decided that the war against terrorism be launched at the right time。
9、上述动词在It is suggested that…； It is required that…； It’s requested that…； It’s ordered that…； It’s arranged that…句型中，that 之后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should＋动词原形； should 可以省略，但引导词that 不能省略。如：
It was suggested that he attend the conference。
It was requested that the trial be openly reported。
10、在It’s important （imperative； necessary； essential； vital； desirable； advisable； better） that…句型中，that 引导的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用should ＋ 动词原形；should可以省略。这个句型表示说话人的意见、要求等。For example：
It is essential that there should be enough food and clothing for the winter。
It is desirable that your wedding be postponed until next July。
It is imperative that the board chairman be present at the board meeting。另外，在一些习惯用语中也有虚拟语气的形式。但最好把这些习惯用语作为一种句型来记住。如：
May you be happy！
May you succeed！
Long live the People’s Republic of China！
Everybody leave the room！
You had better not resign。
I would rather not tell you。总之，虚拟语气是英语中的一个难点，因为虚拟语气的用法和句型较多，动词的变化比较复杂。在学习的时候要逐个过关。同时，也要善于发现虚拟语气的规律。根据动词的变化，大致可以把虚拟语气分为三种：
一种是动词用过去式，过去分词式，或过去将来式，这主要是用if…； wish； suppose的情况；
一种是动词用should＋动词原形（should可以省略），这主要用于表示建议、要求、命令等意思的动词或名词后面所接的从句，以及It is important （necessary） that…后面所接的从句；
一种是动词用过去式，如It is （high） time （that）…和I would rather 后面的从句。同学们还可以自己总结适合自己的规律，如把虚拟语气句型可以分为用于简单句、条件状语从句、宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、定语从句、同位语从句等。
Now let’s do some exercises to consolidate what we have learned about subjunctive mood：一、单项选择：1。 The teacher demanded that the exam ___before eleven。
a。 must finish b。 would be finished c。 be finished d。 must be finished2。 She made the demand that she ____ at once。
a。 leave b。 leaves c。 left d。 to be left3。 He is talking so much about America as if he ____ there。
a。 had been b。 has been c。 was d。 been4。 Mother insisted that the child’s hands ___ before dinner。
a。 should wash b。 be washed c。 would wash d。 had washed5。 The young man insisted that he ___ nothing wrong and ____ free。
a。 did； set b。 had done； should be set c。 do； be set d。 had done； must be set6。 Mother suggested that I ___ my homework first before watching TV。
a。 did b。 do c。 shall do d。 have done7。 My suggestion was that the meeting ____ off till next week。
a。 to put b。 be put c。 should put d。 be putting8。 The suggestion has been made ___the basketball game ___ put off。
a。 for； to b。 that； be c。 which； should be d。 to； being9。 The mander ordered that the wounded ___ to hospital right away。
a。 to be sent b。 be sent c。 send d。 should send10。 The order came that the medical suppliers ____ to the village without delay。
a。 would be sent b。 should send c。 be sent d。 must be sent11。 They requested that he ____ on the radio
a。 spoke b。 speaks c。 speak d。 would speak12。 It is important that we ___ wild animals。
a。 will protect b。 should protect c。 shall protect d。 are protecting13。 It is necessary that the problem ____ at once。
a。 solves b。 should solve c。 should be solved d。 will be solved14。 It is strange that he ____ interest in much of his research。
a。 should have lost b。 would lose c。 had lost d。 will lose15。 Had you listened to the doctor； you ___ all right now。
a。 are b。 were c。 would be d。 would have been16。 ___ I be free tomorrow； I could go with you。
a。 Could b。 Should c。 Might d。 Must17。 ___ to do the work； I should do it some other way。
a。 If were I B。 I were c。 Were I d。 Was I18。 ___ today； he would get there by Friday。
a。 Would he leave b。 Was he leaving c。 Were he to leave d。 If he leave19。 ____ your letter； I would have written back two days ago。
a。 If I received b。 Should I receive c。 Had I received d。 If I could have received20。 ____； he would have passed the exam。
a。 If he were to study b。 If he studied hard
c。 Had he studied hard d。 Should he study hard21。 Should it rain； the crops ___。
a。 would be saved b。 would have been saved c。 will be saved d。 had been saved22。 You ___ earlier。 The bus left a moment ago。
a。 would e b。 should have e c。 may e d。 have e23。 He treated me as though ___ his own son。
a。 I am b。 I would be c。 I was d。 I were24。 He smiled as if he ____ my thought。
a。 read b。 was reading c。 had read d。 has read25。 I ____ you some money； but I hadn’t any on me then。
a。 would lend b。 would have lent c。 could lend d。 may have lent26。 He talks as if he ____。a。 knows all about it b。 has known all about it c。 knew all about it d。 knowing all about it27。 “Have you ever been to Beijing？” “No； but I wish I ___。”
a。 have b。 will c。 do d。 had28。 Where is Xiao Zhang？ I wish I ____ him at once。
a。 can find b。 will find c。 could find d。 could have found29。 I wish I ___ there then。
a。 was b。 were c。 had been d。 would be30。 It is time we ___ to bed。
a。 must go b。 will go c。 went d。 have gone31。 If I ____ you； I would try again。
a。 am b。 was c。 were d。 be32。 _____； all the students would hear。
a。 If the teacher had spoken louder b。 If the teacher will speak louder
c。 Had the teacher spoken louder d。 If the teacher spoke louder33。 What should we do if it ____ tomorrow？
a。 should snow b。 would snow c。 snow d。 will snow34。 If you _____ 5 minutes earlier； you _____ him。
a。 should e； had seen b。 came； would see
c。 e； will see ？d。 had e； would have seen35。 If only I ____ my watch。
a。 hadn’t lost b。 haven’t lost c。 didn’t lose d。 don’t lose36。 You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice。
a。 may not make b。 might have not madec。 shouldn’t have made d。 might not have made37。 He ____ the test； but he wasn’t careful enough。
a。 could have passed b。 were able to pass c。 must have passed d。 might be able to pass38。 We ____ the work on time without your help。
a。 hadn’t finished b。 didn’t have finished c。 couldn’t have finished d。 can’t have finished39。 If you ____ at school； you _____ a college student now。
a。 had studied hard； would have been b。 should have studied hard； should have been
c。 had studied hard； would be d。 would study hard； must have been40。 If only I ____ as young as you are！
a。 being b。 am c。 be d。 were
二、改错1。 I wish that it is true。答案：is 改为were2。 The doctor suggests that she will not smoke。答案：will 改为should； 或去掉will3。 She insists that they must give her a receipt。答案：must 改为should； 或去掉must4。 Bill wished that he is more interested in his work。答案：is改为were5。 He would be a good sportsman now if he trained regularly。答案：trained 前面加上had6。 I wish that somebody teaches me to sew。答案：teaches 改为taught7。 I wish that you saw the charming opera yesterday。答案：saw 改为had seen8。 This is not my dictionary。 If it is mine I will lend it to you。答案：第二句话改为If it were mine I would lend it to you。9。 If my watch were not slow yesterday； I would not have been late。答案：were not 改为 had not been10。 If she had worked hard enough； she would pass the English exam。答案：would pass 改为would have passed11。 If we could finish our work a little earlier today； we shall go to see the film。答案：shall 改为should12。 What would be happened； if there were no sun； air or water？答案：be happened 改为happen13。 Should the weather fine； we might go on a trip。答案：fine 前面加上be14。 If it were not rain tomorrow； they might went to the Great Wall。答案：rain 前面加上to； went 改为go15。 Long lives our motherland！答案：lives 改为live
七、非谓语动词Hello； everyone。 请看下面的翻译练习：1、我喜欢做饭。“ I like cooking。 ”
本句中，“like”（喜欢）是谓语。“cooking”（做饭）是宾语，用动名词形式。又如：“ He likes cooking。 ”在英语中。谓语动词经常随着主语的人称、数而变化，但动名词作宾语时是不变的。2、对我来说，学英语不容易。“ It' s not easy for me to learn English。”3、从太空看，地球是个蓝色的球体。 “Seen from the space； the earth is a blue sphere。”
请比较这些句子的中英文。在这几个汉语句子中，做饭、学英语、从太空看分别作句子的宾语、主语和状语，但是其动词形式“做”、“学”、“看”没有变化。而在这几句英语中，“做饭”变成了cooking； “学”变成了to learn，“看”变成了seen。 动词形式发生了变化，而且必须发生变化，因为这些句子有另外的谓语动词。因此这些动词叫做“非谓语动词”，又叫“非限定性动词”；他们没有人称和数的变化。这是英汉动词的巨大差别，也是中国人学英语的一个难点，同时也是在使用英语时容易犯错误的地方。需要特别注意的是：英语的单句一般只有而且必须有一个主谓结构，即一个谓语，如果单句中出现了另外的动词，这些动词就要改变形式。
以上英语句子中cooking； to learn； seen 等具有动词特征，但是在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式，就叫动词的非谓语形式，也叫非谓语动词。
我们再比较 “I like cooking。” 与 “He likes cooking。”这两句话主语不同，谓语动词like形式变了，但意义没有变化。而cooking 没有任何变化。再看 “It is not easy for me to learn English。” 和 “It is not easy for him to learn English。” “对我”for me； “对他”for him之后的 “to learn”没有任何变化。可以看出，非谓语动词是不随人称和数的变化而变化的，它们不受人称和数的限定，所以又叫“非限定动词”。
动词在句子中除了充当谓语外，还可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用，在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语和状语。这就是动词的非谓语形式。当句子中需要用某种动作作主语、宾语或作某种修饰、说明的成分时，就要使用这种形式。
动词的非谓语形式有三种：
（1）动词不定式：to study （to ＋ 动词原形）
（2）分词：studying （现在分词）、studied （过去分词）
（3）动名词：studying （形式与现在分词相同）
动词非谓语形式仍具有动词的一般特征，可以带有宾语、状语等构成短语。
动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化（以write为例）：
形态主动被动动词不定式一般To writeTo be written
进行To be writing
完成To have writtenTo have been written
完成进行To have been writing
现在分词和动名词一般WritingBeing written
完成Having writtenHaving been written
一般
written一、一、 动词不定式其形式是“to＋动词原形”。 to是不定式符号，无词义。其否定式是在to前面加上not； never等否定词。 �