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circumstances of our emigration and sett lement here。 We have appealed to
their native justice and magnanimity； and we have conjured them by the
ties of our mon kindred to disavow these usurpations； which would
inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence。 They too have
been deaf t o the voice of justice and of consanguinity。 We must；
therefore； acquiesce in the necessity； which denounces our Separation； and
hold them； as we hold the rest of mankind； Enemies in War； in Peace
Friends。
We； therefore； the Representatives of the united States of America； in
General Congress； Assembled； appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world
for the rectitude of our intentions； do； in the Name； and by Authority of
the good People of these Colonies； solemnly publish and declare； That
these United Colonies are； and of Right ought to be Free and Independent
States； that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown；
and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Bri
tain； is and ought to be totally dissolved； and that as Free and
Independent States； they have full Power to levy War； conclude Peace；
contract Alliances； establish merce； and to do all other Acts and
Things which Independent States may of right do。 An d for the support of
this Declaration； with a firm reliance on the Protection of Divine
Providence； we mutually pledge to each other our Lives； our Fortunes and
our sacred Honor。
JOHN HANCOCK； President
Attested； CHARLES THOMSON； Secretary
New Hampshire： JOSIAH BARTLETT； WILLIAM WHIPPLE； MATTHEW THORNTON
Massachusetts…Bay： SAMUEL ADAMS； JOHN ADAMS； ROBERT TREAT PAINE； ELBRIDGE
GERRY
Rhode Island： STEPHEN HOPKINS； WILLIAM ELLERY
Connecticut： ROGER SHERMAN； SAMUEL HUNTINGTON； WILLIAM WILLIAMS； OLIVER
WOLCOTT
Georgia： BUTTON GWINNETT； LYMAN HALL； GEO。 WALTON
Maryland： SAMUEL CHASE； WILLIAM PACA； THOMAS STONE； CHARLES CARROLL OF
CARROLLTON
Virginia： GEORGE WYTHE； RICHARD HENRY LEE； THOMAS JEFFERSON； BENJAMIN
HARRISON； THOMAS NELSON； JR。； FRANCIS LIGHTFOOT LEE； CARTER BRAXTON。
New York： WILLIAM FLOYD； PHILIP LIVINGSTON； FRANCIS LEWIS； LEWIS MORRIS
Pennsylvania： ROBERT MORRIS； BENJAMIN RUSH； BENJAMIN FRANKLIN； JOHN
MORTON； GEORGE CLYMER； JAMES SMITH； GEORGE TAYLOR； JAMES WILSON； GEORGE
ROSS
Delaware： CAESAR RODNEY； GEORGE READ； THOMAS M'KEAN
North Carolina： WILLIAM HOOPER； JOSEPH HEWES； JOHN PENN
South Carolina： EDWARD RUTLEDGE； THOMAS HEYWARD； JR。； THOMAS LYNCH； JR。；
ARTHUR MIDDLETON
New Jersey： RICHARD STOCKTON； JOHN WITHERSPOON； FRANCIS HOPKINS； JOHN
HART； ABRAHAM CLARK
Prepared by Gerald Murphy （The Cleveland Free…Net … aa300）
Distributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the National Public
Teleputing Network （NPTN）。