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without leaving the house．
Television can also play an educational role in our daily life．Besides regular courses to TV
university students，television also offers various educational programmes for different
viewers．Children like“Tan gram”；young people like the“ABC of puters”；and elderly people like“Life and Health”．Of all the educational programmes，“English on Sunday ”is my favourite．
However，television can also be harmful．It hurts our eyes and can cause nearsightedness．Watching TV too much influences our
sleep and work and cuts down children's study time．Furthermore，some TV programmes are ideologically
incorrect．In short，we should watch TV selectively and
regard it as our servant，not our master．
Writing Assignment for
Unit 29
Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a position about “Advertisement” in three paragraphs．You are given the first sentence of
eachparagraph and are required to develop the idea in pleting the paragraph．Your position should beabout 100
words，not including
the words given．Remember to
write clearly．
Advertisement
1）Advertisement
appears everywhere in modern society．
2）Advertisement
can be a service to people．
3）However，advertisement also has its problems．
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第三十单元 关键词作文Key Words position
30．1 Introduction
In this kind of position，a series of key words are given together with the title．It requires students' imagination
and association in connecting the words logically without going astray from the
main topic．
Sample Test Item
指示：在30分钟内以“City and Countryside”为题，写一篇120词左右的短文，必需包括下列关键词及表达方式，要求使用正确、恰当。
Key Words and Expressions：
similarities differences environment
transportation education entertainment
colourful boring public
health servic
reduce the gap
30．2 Analysis and Advice on How to Achieve Successful Writing
1） Read the directions carefully，and try to
understand each word or phrase including the title；
2）Find out the relationship between the key words and the title；
The analysis of the above tells us that we should use the technique
of parison ＆ contrast to
write the essay，showing the
differences between the city and the country…side．
3）Analyse the key words，then organize your idea logicall；According to the title
and the key words，we know that
the purpose of the writing is to discuss the similarities and differences of
the city and the countryside．You should divide the key words into three paragraphs．In the first paragraph，introduce the main topic— the city and the countryside have
both similarities and differences；In the second paragraph，discuss the different fields—environment，education，transportation，entertainment and health service in the city and countryside；In the end，summarize the whole passage．
4）Write an appropriate topic sentence for each paragraph before
starting your essay；
a．topic introducer：The city and the countryside are similar in some ways，but there still exist great
differences in several areas．
b．topic sentence：Generally speaking，the city and the countryside differ
mainly in the fields of environment，transportation，public health service，edtucation and entertainment．
City Countryside
environment polluted fresh，clean
transportation convenient，cheap difficult，costly
public health service
well…equipped poor…equipped
education advanced backward
entertainment colourful boring
c．Conclusion：As we have seen，there are still great differences
between the city and the countryside，but further economic development will certainly reduce the gap
between the two in the near future．
Model Essay 30…1
The city and the countryside are similar in some ways，but there still exist great
differences in several areas．Generally speaking，the city and the countryside differ mainly in the fields of
environment，transportation，public health service，education and entertaintment．
First of all，in the city public transport is good and brings people to almost any
place in a short time and for little money while travelling in the countryside
is difficult and costly．On the other hand，heavy traffic and business activities in the city pollute the
environment whereas the air in the countryside is fresh and clean and filled
with bird songs．Secondly，people in the city can get advanced
education；However
students in the countryside can not．What's more，if city dwellers are ill，it is easy for them to get treatment in a well…equipped hospital；On the contrary，the rural population has to travel
long distances to see a doctor．Finally，the many stores，cinemas，dancing halls and restaurants make life in the city colorful as
opposed to the simple and some people even say boring life in the countryside．
As we have seen，there are still great differences between the city and the
countryside，but further
economic development will certainly reduce the gap between the two in the near
future．
Writing Assignment for
Unit 30
指示：（略）Students In Colleges and High
Schools
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Key Words and Expressions：
similarities，differences，homework，attend classes，call the parents，under the supervision of，treated as adults，study hard，enjoy sports and games，talk with friends and classmates
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第三十一单元 给出题目作文Title…Given position
31．1 Introduction
A title…given position requires students to grasp the ideas
expressed in the title，and to create a piece of writing that has unity，support and coherence． Because there is no hints or any
extra information in addition to the title．This kind of writing is paratively difficult．But students may have a lot of
freedom in writing．
Sample Test Item
Directions：Write a position on the topic“Should Firecrackers Be Banned？”Your position should be at least 100words．Remember to support the main idea
with details and make your conclusion．Coherence is also important．
Write clearly．
31．2 Advice on How to Write the position
1）Examine the title carefully and make sure that you understand the
main idea of the title；
2）Organize your ideas and write out an outline；
3）Produce a topic sentence for each paragraph；
4）Draft your essay．
31．3 Analysis of the Sample Test Item
1）Main idea of the title
The controlling idea is“firecrackers”．You seem to have a lot to write about．But your topic has been limited by the sentence“Should…be banned？”It is an interrogative sentence，so it must be a controversial topic．
2）Outline of the sample
Since it is a controversial topic，different opinions must exist．Thus，it is
advisable to write out the conflicting opinions of different people．
a．different
people have different opinions
b．good—reflects the heritage of Chinese
culture
adds much to the warm atmosphere
adds emjoyment of people
bad—brings great
economic loss to the country
causes certain disorder in the society
pollutes our environment
c．Your own
opinion and conclusion
3）Topic Sentence of each paragraph
① Firecrackers have been used in
China for hundreds of years．
② People in China have different
opinions about setting off firecrackers．
③ In my opinion，setting off firecrackers should be
banned．
Model Essay 31…1
Should Firecrackers be
Banned？
Firecrackers have been used in China for hundreds of years．Firecrackers were always part of
New Year's celebrations，weddings and other important occasions．
In recent years，however，people in China have different opinions about the old custom of
setting off firecrackers．Some people think setting off firecrackers is a good thing，because it reflects the heritage of
Chinese culture．It also adds
much to the enjoyment of people and the warm atmosphere during important
holidays．But others，on the other hand，believe that setting off
firecrackers should be banned．The main reasons in their eyes are that it not only brings great
economic loss to the country，but also causes certain disorder in the society．Furthermore，it pollutes our environment．
In my opinion，setting off firecrackers should be banned．However，we should replace this old custom
with new enjoyable and safe ways of entertainment．Only then can we spend our holidays in a peaceful and joyful manner．
Exercise for Unit 31
Directions：（略） Is Failure a Bad Thing？
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第三十二单元 图表作文Writing a position According
to Tables and Graphs
32．1 Introduction
This kind of writing is an information interpretation process．The information may be given in
numbers，lines or
curves，etc．，usually a few explanations are
given．The
organization of the writing is essential to a good essay of tables and graphs．Generally，it is as follows：
General introduction——Analysis——Conclusion
概要介绍——分析图表——总结概括
That is，in the first paragraph，you have to demonstrate the general situation of what has been
reflected in the table or graph；Then，in the second
paragraph，you have to
analyse carefully the numbers，lines or curves，and point out the rate of increase or discrease；In the end，you have to write your own opinion
or ment．
Sample Test Item
Directions：Write a position based on the title and the following chart in no
less than 120 words．The causes are given under the horizontal line and the precentage of
the totalof 80 fire incidents is given in the vertical column on the left．write clearly．
Leading Causes of Fires in China（1987）
32．2 Basic Writing Process of the position
1）Have a correct understanding of the given information，and grasp the main idea；
2）Make a careful analysis of the information，for example，ask yourself the questions like：
a．Who or what
caused the fires？
b．What is the
relationship between cause and frequency of fires？
3）Write an outline；
4）Use the right technique of writing．（The most mon techniques used in this kind of writing is：parison and contrast．）
32．3 Analysis of the Sample Test Item
The main idea of the graph is：Fire causes．From the graph，we know that there are three main causes of fires：
a．Smokers （nearly50％）
b．Defective insulation （38％）
c．Children playing with matches （12％）
Thus，we can，by paring the above information，make a ment of the main topic，then rea